By Diane Sizer, Ph.D., Clinical Director at Growth Opportunity Center
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental difference that can be observed in difficulty with social communication or understanding cues or gestures, reliance on rituals and routine, repetitive behaviors or interests, and sensory challenges among other examples. The term “neurodevelopmental” means it is influenced by brain functions (neuro) and typically emerges in early childhood (developmental). ASD is referred to as a “spectrum” because people have a unique mixture of behaviors; no two individuals with autism are alike. Why some people have ASD is not fully understood, but research suggests a combination of factors which include differences in the developing brain. It also tends to run in families, so it may be inherited.
It is common for people with ASD tend to interact differently with others differently. For example, not being interested in having back-and-forth conversations or knowing how to initiate contact or respond to others could be indicative of ASD. Making eye contact or using facial expressions and gestures to show how they are feeling may not come easily. This can impact someone’s ability to develop and maintain friendships.
Other signs of ASD include repetitive movements, trouble shifting their thinking and behaviors, or specialized interests. There are usually sensory sensitivities such as strong responses and avoidance of specific sounds, textures or touch, and tastes or smells that accompany ADS. Sometimes people seek out sensory experiences and become very absorbed with lights or moving objects. Many people with autism may experience other challenges, too, such as attention and learning challenges, or trouble controlling their emotions or behaviors. High anxiety in social situations is also very common.
People with ASD can be identified at any age. ASD is referred to as a “spectrum” because people have a unique mixture of signs and behaviors ranging from mild to severe; no two individuals with autism are alike. Signs and symptoms in infants and toddlers are often noticed by pediatricians. School age children may be identified when peer difficulties are noticed. Many adults have gone undetected but usually have a sense of being different throughout their lives. Women, especially, can suppress or hide their symptoms – called “masking” – to be accepted or meet societal expectations. This can take a toll on one’s mental health.
Psychologists and other mental health professionals who are trained to evaluate for ASD can support you or your child with specialized tests developed to identify ASD and the difficulties that tend to go along with it. Treatments range from behavioral-to-developmental-to-relational and are intended to reduce the intensity of symptoms and improve social functioning. Occupational and speech therapy often helps with language and fine-motor skills. Group therapy for children and adults is a very effective way to help develop and practice new social behaviors.
If you suspect that you or your child has autism, it is best to seek the support of a professional right away. Early intervention leads to better outcomes in children. While the evaluation process can be intimidating, it is important to note that people with autism have many strengths and abilities that contribute to their unique perspectives and talents. They often have intellectual strengths that lead to success and creativity in many fields including art, science, or technology. When these strengths are coupled with a passionate interest, a person with ASD can excel. Embracing and celebrating all aspects of a child or adult in your life with ASD will lead to self-acceptance and confidence. Recognizing and celebrating their strengths as well as their differences will help empower them to lead lives full of satisfaction and joy.
If you are interested in seeking an evaluation for you or someone you know, please complete call our Intake team at 215-947-8654 option 1, or complete this Interest Form.
